High-isolation dual-band slotted patch MIMO antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G applications
Kakade Sandeep1, Nirmal Sharma2 and Navnath Narawade3
Research Scholar, Electronics and Communication Engineering,School of Engineering and Technology, Nirwan University, Jaipur, Rajasthan,India1
Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering,School of Engineering and Technology, Nirwan University, Jaipur, Rajasthan,India2
Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering,Parvatibai Genba Moze College of Engineering, Wagholi, Pune, Maharashtra,India3
Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering,School of Engineering and Technology, Nirwan University, Jaipur, Rajasthan,India2
Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering,Parvatibai Genba Moze College of Engineering, Wagholi, Pune, Maharashtra,India3
Corresponding Author : Kakade Sandeep
Recieved : 23-April-2024; Revised : 25-February-2025; Accepted : 27-February-2025
Abstract
In this research, an extremely isolated dual-band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for fifth-generation (5G) networks operating at sub-6 GHz is presented. The proposed antenna operates within the n77, n78, and n46 frequency bands, which are critical for 5G communication systems. To improve bandwidth and isolation, the patch structure is modified with a combination of rectangular and circular slots. To further minimize mutual coupling, a rectangular strip is placed between the radiating elements. The final design employs a triangular-shaped radiating element with perforations, which reduces surface current and increases bandwidth. The antenna, constructed using flame retardant 4 (FR4) materials, was tested to validate its functionality in anechoic chambers and with a vector network analyzer (VNA). The resonance frequencies of the antenna are 3.14 GHz and 5.42 GHz, with isolation values measured at -25 dB and -42.59 dB, respectively. The bandwidth achieved during testing was 2.26 GHz, making the antenna for C-band applications. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) was approximately 0.001, significantly lower than the maximum allowable value, ensuring optimal diversity performance. The conceived MIMO antenna showed low ECC, high isolation, and broad bandwidth, rendering it a viable option for 5G applications operating at sub-6 GHz. These outcomes make it an optimal fit for 5G applications, which achieve substantial isolation while maintaining a compact size.
Keywords
Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), Sub-6 GHz 5G, High isolation, Dual-band operation, C-band applications, Mutual coupling reduction, 5G applications.
Cite this article
Sandeep K, Sharma N, Narawade N. High-isolation dual-band slotted patch MIMO antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2025;12(123):301-316. DOI : 10.19101/IJATEE.2024.111100612
References
[1]
Tran HH, Nguyen TT, Ta HN, Pham DP. A metasurface-based MIMO antenna with compact, wideband, and high isolation characteristics for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. IEEE Access. 2023; 11:67737-44.
[2]
Güler C, Bayer KSE. A novel high isolation 4-port compact MIMO antenna with DGS for 5G applications. Micromachines. 2023; 14(7):1-17.
[3]
Singh A, Kumar A, Kanaujia BK. High gain and enhanced isolation MIMO antenna with FSS and metasurface. Optik. 2023; 286:170982.
[4]
Raj T, Mishra R, Kumar P, Kapoor A. Advances in MIMO antenna design for 5G: avcomprehensive review. Sensors. 2023; 23(14):1-34.
[5]
Aliqab K, Armghan A, Alsharari M, Aly MH. Highly decoupled and high gain conformal two-port MIMO antenna for V2X communications. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2023; 74:599-610.
[6]
Elalaouy O, El GM, Foshi J. Mutual coupling reduction of a two-port MIMO antenna using defected ground structure. e-Prime-Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy. 2024; 8:100557.
[7]
Kiani SH, Munir ME, Savci HS, Rimli H, Alabdulkreem E, Elmannai H, et al. Dual-polarized wideband 5G N77 band slotted MIMO antenna system for next-generation smartphones. IEEE Access. 2024; 12:34467-76.
[8]
Luadang B, Janpangngern P, Pookkapund K, Dentri S, Krairiksh M, Phongcharoenpanich C. Broadband unidirectional twin-element MIMO antenna scheme for mid-band 5G and WLAN laptops. Scientific Reports. 2024; 14(1):1-23.
[9]
Roges R, Sharma S, Malik PK, Islam T, Asha S, Das S. A compact circularly polarized dual port MIMO antenna with DGS and parasitic patch for modern wireless communication and IOT applications. Physica Scripta. 2024; 99(5):055515.
[10]
Rajavel V, Ghoshal D. Enhancement of off-body communications with a low-SAR, high-gain multiband patch antenna designed with a quad-band artificial magnetic conductor. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies. 2024; 16(2):318-38.
[11]
Hamlbar GH, Kazemi R, Fathy AE. Development of a metasurface-based slot antenna for 5G MIMO applications with minimized cross-polarization and stable radiation patterns through mode manipulation. Scientific Reports. 2024; 14(1):1-18.
[12]
Islam T, Alsaleem F, Alsunaydih FN, Alhassoon K. Mutual coupling reduction in compact MIMO antenna operating on 28 GHz by using novel decoupling structure. Micromachines. 2023; 14(11):1-12.
[13]
Sharma S, Kumar M. Design and analysis of a 4-port MIMO microstrip patch antenna for 5G mid band applications. Progress In Electromagnetics Research. 2023; 129(2022):231-43.
[14]
Kempanna SB, Biradar RC, Kumar P, Kumar P, Pathan S, Ali T. Characteristic-mode-analysis-based compact vase-shaped two-element uwb mimo antenna using a unique DGS for wireless communication. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks. 2023; 12(3):1-17.
[15]
Saad H, Mosleh MF, Abd-alhameed R. Design a dual polarizations MIMO antenna based on decoupling elements for 5G smart-phones. Journal of Techniques. 2023; 5(1):74-85.
[16]
Elechi P, John PR. Improved multiband rectangular microstrip patch antenna for 5G application. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC). 2022; 14(2):7-14.
[17]
Sandi E, Diamah A, Al MM. High isolation MIMO antenna for 5G C-band application by using combination of dielectric resonator, electromagnetic bandgap, and defected ground structure. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. 2022; 2022(1):1-13.
[18]
Hasan MM, Islam MT, Samsuzzaman M, Baharuddin MH, Soliman MS, Alzamil A, et al. Gain and isolation enhancement of a wideband MIMO antenna using metasurface for 5G sub-6 GHz communication systems. Scientific Reports. 2022; 12(1):1-17.
[19]
Kaushal V, Birwal A, Patel K. Diversity characteristics of four‐element ring slot‐based MIMO antenna for sub‐6‐GHz applications. ETRI Journal. 2023; 45(4):581-93.
[20]
Pallavi HV, Jagadeesh AP. Design and analysis of MIMO patch antenna for 5G wireless communication systems. International Journal of Computer Networks and Communications. 2022; 14(4):41-56.
[21]
Kanagasabai M, Shanmuganathan S, Alsath MG, Palaniswamy SK. A novel low‐profile 5G MIMO antenna for vehicular communication. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. 2022; 2022(1):1-12.
[22]
Ahmad A, Choi DY, Ullah S. A compact two elements MIMO antenna for 5G communication. Scientific Reports. 2022; 12(1):1-8.
[23]
Emara HM, El DSK, Ghouz HH, Sree MA, Fatah SA. Compact high gain microstrip array antenna using DGS structure for 5G applications. Progress in Electromagnetics Research C. 2023; 130:213-25.
[24]
Ranjan P, Yadav S, Bage A. Dual band MIMO antenna for LTE, 4G and sub–6 GHz 5G applications. Facta Universitatis, Series: Electronics and Energetics. 2023; 36(1):43-51.
[25]
Rana S, Gautam AK, Sharma S, Batra R. A novel compact ultra-wide band MIMO antenna for WLAN 5G & sub-6GHz wireless applications. In international conference on computing, power and communication technologies 2024 (pp. 1159-64). IEEE.
[26]
Salim N, Singh MS, Abed AT, Islam MT. 4X4 MIMO slot antenna spanner shaped low mutual coupling for Wi-Fi 6 and 5G communications. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2023; 78:141-8.
[27]
Aung MS, Hla TT. Two-port wideband MIMO antenna for sub-6GHz 5G applications. In IEEE conference on computer applications 2024 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[28]
Iriqat S, Yenikaya S, Secmen M. Dual-band 2× 1 monopole antenna array and its MIMO configuration for WiMAX, sub-6 GHz, and sub-7 GHz applications. Electronics. 2024; 13(8):1-20.
[29]
Ghosh S, Baghel GS, Swati MV. Design of a highly-isolated, high-gain, compact 4-port MIMO antenna loaded with CSRR and DGS for millimeter wave 5G communications. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications. 2023; 169:154721.
[30]
Das GS, Chamuah BB, Beria Y, Kalita PP, Buragohain A. Compact four elements SUB-6 GHz MIMO antenna for 5G applications. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2023.
[31]
Madhumitha K, Prabhaa BR, Dharshanya P. Two element MIMO antenna design for wireless applications. In 2nd international conference on advancements in electrical, electronics, communication, computing and automation 2023 (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
[32]
Khedr AA, Elnaghi BE, Mohamed AM. Design of a compact dual port 2 x 1 ultra-wideband MIMO antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting based on four" a" shaped slots. Progress in Electromagnetics Research M. 2024; 128:41-9.
[33]
Jha P, Kumar A, De A. Two-port miniaturized textile antenna for 5G and WLAN applications. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies. 2023; 15(8):1443-52.
[34]
Qin Y, Zhang L, Mao CX, Zhu H. A compact wideband antenna with suppressed mutual coupling for 5G MIMO applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2022; 22(4):938-42.
[35]
Kumar A, Pattanayak P, Verma RK, Sabat D, Prasad G. Two-element MIMO antenna system for multiband millimeter-wave, 5G mobile communication, Ka-band, and future 6G applications with SAR analysis. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications. 2023; 171:154876.
[36]
Gollamudi NK, Narayana YV, Prasad AM. Compact and asymmetric fed modified hexagonal shaped multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for 5G sub: 6 GHz (N77/N78 & N79) and WLAN applications. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing. 2023; 114(1):103-12.
[37]
Singh AK, Pandey A, Mishra PK, Yadav RS. A miniaturized 2× 2 double flare horn shaped mimo antenna with enhanced isolation for k and ka band applications. Progress In Electromagnetics Research M. 2022; 111:159-71.
[38]
Kulkarni J, Gangwar RK, Anguera J. Broadband and compact circularly polarized MIMO antenna with concentric rings and oval slots for 5G application. IEEE Access. 2022; 10:29925-36.
[39]
Raheel K, Ahmad AW, Khan S, Shah SA, Shah IA, Dalarsson M. Design and performance evaluation of orthogonally polarized corporate feed MIMO antenna array for next-generation communication system. IEEE Access. 2024; 12:30382-97.
[40]
Ali A, Munir ME, Nasralla MM, Esmail MA, Al-gburi AJ, Bhatti FA. Design process of a compact tri-band MIMO antenna with wideband characteristics for sub-6 GHz, Ku-band, and millimeter-wave applications. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2024; 15(3):1-13.
[41]
Singh G, Abrol A, Kumar S, Kanaujia BK, Pandey VK. Isolation enhancement in a two-element MIMO antenna using electromagnetic metamaterial. In international conference on device intelligence, computing and communication technologies 2023 (pp. 131-5). IEEE.