Abstract

Cement consumption is rapidly increasing worldwide. As a result, the use of industrial waste in concrete is becoming more common—both as a partial replacement for cement and as part of broader efforts in waste management and conservation of natural aggregates and resources. Waste marble powder (WMP) poses environmental threats not only to ecosystems but also to the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment. This study investigates the use of WMP as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in freshly mixed concrete. Mixes containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% WMP were evaluated, and their workability was assessed using the slump cone test. Mechanical properties, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength, were measured at curing ages of 7 and 28 days. The results showed that as the WMP content increased, the workability of the concrete decreased. However, mechanical properties improved with the addition of up to 10% WMP, after which a decline in strength was observed. Overall, the findings suggest that replacing OPC with WMP up to 10% offers a sustainable option for concrete production, reducing cement consumption while maintaining acceptable workability and mechanical performance.

Keywords

Waste marble powder, Ordinary Portland cement, Concrete workability, Compressive strength, Sustainable concrete, partial cement replacement.

References

[1] Majeed M, Khitab A, Anwar W, Khan RB, Jalil A, Tariq Z. Evaluation of concrete with partial replacement of cement by waste marble powder. Civil Engineering Journal. 2021; 7(1):59-70.

[2] Dewangan A, Gupta PD. Significance of marble and Portland cement. International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research. 2018; 5:255-65.

[3] Kumar M, Singh HP, Sakale R. Utilization of marble powder in making of cement concrete and analysis of its strength characteristics. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development. 2022; 6(3):1673-9.

[4] Ma B, Wang J, Tan H, Li X, Cai L, Zhou Y, et al. Utilization of waste marble powder in cement-based materials by incorporating nano silica. Construction and Building Materials. 2019; 211:139-49.

[5] Ahmad J, Zaid O, Shahzaib M, Abdullah MU, Ullah A, Ullah R. Mechanical properties of sustainable concrete modified by adding marble slurry as cement substitution. AIMS Materials Science. 2021; 8(3):343-58.

[6] Naresh C, Ajitha B, Babu VR, Sashidhar C, Babu BR. Workability studies on fibre reinforced concrete using bethamcherla marble stone as a replacement of natural aggregate. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2015; 2(4):1351-6.

[7] Özkılıç YO, Zeybek Ö, Bahrami A, Çelik Aİ, Mydin MA, Karalar M, et al. Optimum usage of waste marble powder to reduce use of cement toward eco-friendly concrete. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2023; 25:4799-819.

[8] Ghani A, Ali Z, Khan FA, Shah SR, Khan SW, Rashid M. Experimental study on the behavior of waste marble powder as partial replacement of sand in concrete. SN Applied Sciences. 2020; 2(9):1-13.

[9] Ince C, Hamza A, Derogar S, Ball RJ. Utilisation of waste marble dust for improved durability and cost efficiency of pozzolanic concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 270:122213.

[10] Suresh S, Revathi J. An experimental examination on mechanical and durability properties of cement replacing with marble powder. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering. 2019; 9:115-8.

[11] Siddique Z, Bhargava R, Ansari MM, Khan W. Experimental study for the utilization of marble powder and in construction industry. In AIP conference proceedings 2019 (pp. 1-8). AIP Publishing.

[12] Chawla A, Kabeer KS, Vyas AK. Evaluation of strength and durability of lean concrete mixes containing marble waste as fine aggregate. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. 2020; 24(9):1398-413.

[13] Lezzerini M, Luti L, Aquino A, Gallello G, Pagnotta S. Effect of marble waste powder as a binder replacement on the mechanical resistance of cement mortars. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(9):1-14.

[14] Reddy MS, Ashalatha K, Madhuri M, Sumalatha P. Effect of various replacement levels of waste marble dust in place of fine aggregate to study the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications. 2015; 5(12):73-7.

[15] Afzal Basha S, Shaikh FU. Suitability of marble powders in production of high strength concrete. Low-Carbon Materials and Green Construction. 2023; 1(1):27.

[16] Ashish DK. Feasibility of waste marble powder in concrete as partial substitution of cement and sand amalgam for sustainable growth. Journal of Building Engineering. 2018; 15:236-42.

[17] Omar OM, Abd EGD, Sherif MA, Mohamadien HA. Influence of limestone waste as partial replacement material for sand and marble powder in concrete properties. HBRC Journal. 2012; 8(3):193-203.

[18] Semmana O, Rihan MA, Barrie ZM, Daniel C, Abdalla TA. A systematic review of the strength, durability, and microstructure properties of concrete incorporating glass powder. Engineering Reports. 2025; 7(1):1-17.

[19] Chaudhary SK, Sinha AK. Effect of silica fume on permeability and microstructure of high strength concrete. Civil Engineering Journal. 2020; 6(9):1697-703.

[20] Khan MA, Dhanoa GS. Innovative and eco-friendly concrete forming sustainable and resilient structures using waste marble powder. International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Management. 2024; 11(3):112-20.

[21] Hussain AO, Jawad ZF, Obais AA, Radhi FM, Ghayib RJ, Nasr MS. Evaluation of the enhancement of the mechanical properties of cement mortar incorporated with porcelain and marble powder. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research. 2024; 14(5):16116-24.

[22] Rajesh AA, Prasanthni P, Senthilkumar S, Priya B. Environment-friendly sustainable concrete produced from marble waste powder. Global NEST Journal. 2024; 26(5):1-9.

[23] Liu B, Geng S, Ye J, Liu X, Lin W, Wu S, et al. A preliminary study on waste marble powder-based alkali-activated binders. Construction and Building Materials. 2023; 378:131094.

[24] Mascarin L, Ez-zaki H, Garbin E, Bediako M, Valentini L. Mitigating the ecological footprint of alkali-activated calcined clays by waste marble addition. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2022; 127:104382.

[25] Messaoudene I, Mebarkia R, Atia M, Molez L. Effect of the marble fineness on the rheological characteristics of concrete. Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2022:1-8.

[26] Kuoribo E, Mahmoud H. Utilisation of waste marble dust in concrete production: a scientometric review and future research directions. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2022; 374:133872.

[27] Sufian M, Ullah S, Ostrowski KA, Ahmad A, Zia A, Śliwa-wieczorek K, et al. An experimental and empirical study on the use of waste marble powder in construction material. Materials. 2021; 14(14):1-17.

[28] Pal S, Singh A, Pramanik T, Kumar S, Kisku N. Effects of partial replacement of cement with marble dust powder on properties of concrete. International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology. 2016; 3(3):41-5.

[29] Khaliq SU, Shahzada K, Alam B, Bilal F, Zeb M, Akbar F. Marble powder’s effect on permeability and mechanical properties of concrete. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering. 2016; 10(4):509-14.

[30] Bureau of Indian Standard. Concrete mix proportioning-guidelines. 2019:1-44.

[31] Ashish DK. Concrete made with waste marble powder and supplementary cementitious material for sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 211:716-29.

[32] Khodabakhshian A, Ghalehnovi M, De BJ, Shamsabadi EA. Durability performance of structural concrete containing silica fume and marble industry waste powder. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 170:42-60.

[33] Singh A, Mehta PK, Kumar R. Recycled coarse aggregate and silica fume used in sustainable self-compacting concrete. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2022; 9(96):1581-96.

[34] Yamanel K, Durak U, İlkentapar S, Atabey İİ, Karahan O, Duran C. Influence of waste marble powder as a replacement of cement on the properties of mortar. Journal of Construction. 2019; 18(2):290-300.

[35] Siddique S, Jang JG, Gupta T. Developing marble slurry as supplementary cementitious material through calcination: strength and microstructure study. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 293:123474.

[36] Zeleke TY, Abegaz KA, Yifru BW, Yitayew DT. Experimental investigation on the utilization of marble and scoria powder as partial replacement of cement in concrete production. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2023; 2023(1):1-13.

[37] Şahmaran M, Özbay E, Yücel HE, Lachemi M, Li VC. Frost resistance and microstructure of engineered cementitious composites: influence of fly ash and micro poly-vinyl-alcohol fiber. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2012; 34(2):156-65.

[38] Kore SD, Vyas AK, Kabeer KISA. A brief review on sustainable utilisation of marble waste in concrete. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 2020; 13(4):264-79.

[39] Mathur M, Chhipa RC. Experimental study on durability of glass modified concrete: resistance to acid and sulphate attack. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2023; 10(107):1353-67.

[40] Standard I. Plain and reinforced concrete-code of practice. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards. 2000:1-107.

[41] Srinath BS, Patnaikuni CK, Santhosh KB, KVGD B, Ramesh KV. Strength effect of alccofine on ordinary and standard grade concrete mixes. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2022; 9(86):47-60.

[42] Chaudhary SK, Sinha AK, Anand P. Synergistic action of nano silica and w/b ratio on accelerated durability performance of concrete. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2023; 10(105):1078-92.

[43] Gupta S, Prajapati MK, Saxena P. A review on partial replacement of fly ash, marble dust & crushed concrete aggregate in concrete mixture. High Technology Letters. 2021; 22(7):328-36.

[44] BIS:7320-1974. Specifications for concrete slump test apparatus. Bur Indian Stand New Delhi, India. 1974; (Reaffirmed 2008):1–14.

Cite this article