Abstract

Reinforced concrete is the most widely used material in construction due to its high compressive and tensile strength. However, it is often exposed to severe conditions that can damage it and subsequently reduce its durability. Corrosion is one of the major issues affecting reinforced concrete. It is a natural phenomenon that occurs when the potential of hydrogen (pH) of concrete decreases to between 8 and 9. This decrease is mainly caused by the presence of catalysts such as chloride ions (Cl^-) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). This initiates the corrosion process within the structure, causing changes in the physic-chemical properties of the concrete and its subsequent deterioration. From the appearance of micro-cracks to concrete spalling and the reduction in reinforcement diameter due to oxidation, the structure becomes more fragile. Consequently, it can no longer support the intended loads. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the corrosion mechanisms in reinforced concrete, along with the various forms of damage that arise from this phenomenon. Corrosion tests were conducted on reinforced concrete specimens. The results of these tests made it possible to monitor the evolution of various parameters during the corrosion process, more specifically pH, crack development, and the corrosion products released. The results indicate a progressive decrease in pH levels throughout the corrosion process in the specimens. The corrosion of the reinforcement bars produced expansive iron oxide formations, generating internal stresses. This buildup of internal pressure led to pronounced cracking within the specimens, ultimately compromising their structural integrity and resulting in complete failure.

Keywords

Corrosion, Reinforced concrete, Durability, Carbonation, Chloride ions, Crack development.

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