Abstract

Fifth-generation (5G) technology represents a high-speed wireless and cellular communication system that enables enhanced data transmission capabilities. It utilizes millimeter-wave(mmWave) technology and operates over a high-frequency spectrum ranging from 1 gega hertz (GHz) to 100 GHz, providing significant improvements in latency, data rate, connectivity, bandwidth, capacity, and security. Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are widely adopted for 5G applications due to their low-profile structure, ease of fabrication, and compatibility with both planar and non-planar surfaces. In this work, a novel compact MPA is designed and fabricated for high-frequency applications. The antenna features a simple four-layer structure comprising a ground plane, substrate, feedline, and radiating patch. The proposed design exhibits an inverted ‘E’-shaped geometry and employs a flame-retardant (FR) substrate, with copper used for the ground plane, patch, and feedline. The overall dimensions of the antenna are 29 × 35 mm² with a substrate thickness of 0.8 mm. Experimental results show that the fabricated antenna operates at dual resonant frequencies of 21.03 GHz and 27.17 GHz, achieving S-parameter (S₁₁) values of −21.03 decibel (dB) and −23.33 dB, gains of 5.23 decibels relative to isotropic (dBi) and 5.78 dBi, bandwidths of 3.25 GHz and 6.35 GHz, directivities of 3.25 dBi and 6.35 dBi, and total efficiencies of 71.47% and 91.02%, respectively. The antenna was designed, simulated, and analyzed using the computer simulation technology (CST) tool, and the fabricated prototype was experimentally tested to validate its performance. The proposed dual-band antenna demonstrates strong potential for use in 5G wireless communication systems.

Keywords

5G communication, Microstrip patch antenna, Dual-band antenna, Millimeter-wave technology, CST simulation.

Cite this article

Biradar S, Durdi VB, Ranjan S, K SR. A compact microstrip patch antenna for 5G communication systems. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2026;13(134):67-84. DOI : 10.19101/IJATEE.2025.121220248

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