High-gain modified Cuk converter with switched-capacitor and active switched-inductor networks optimized using EEFO
Clement Raj1, Bens Raj R2, Rajendran E3 and Felix Joseph X4
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering & Technology, Chengalpet,Tamil Nadu,India- 6033081
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram,Tamil Nadu,India - 6080022
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,SKP Engineering College in Tiruvannamalai,Tamil Nadu,India - 6066113
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Loyola Institute of Technology and Science, Thovalai,Tamil Nadu,India - 6293024
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram,Tamil Nadu,India - 6080022
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,SKP Engineering College in Tiruvannamalai,Tamil Nadu,India - 6066113
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Loyola Institute of Technology and Science, Thovalai,Tamil Nadu,India - 6293024
Corresponding Author : Clement Raj
Recieved : 09-July-2025; Revised : 22-June-2026; Accepted : 25-June-2026
Abstract
This research proposes a novel high step-up non-isolated modified Cuk converter (MCC) that integrates switched-capacitor (SC) and active switched-inductor (SI) techniques for renewable energy source (RES) applications. While preserving the key advantages of the conventional Cuk converter, including low capacitor voltage stress, common grounding, and continuous input current, the proposed MCC achieves a significantly higher voltage gain. Furthermore, the converter parameters are optimized using the electric Eel foraging optimization (EEFO) algorithm, resulting in enhanced performance and reduced voltage stress across individual power switches. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the operating principles and steady-state characteristics of the proposed converter, demonstrating its reliability and effectiveness. In addition, the parameters of the tilt-integral-derivative (TID) controller are optimally tuned using the EEFO algorithm to improve dynamic performance. The proposed converter topology is modeled and validated using MATLAB/Simulink simulations, and the obtained results are thoroughly analyzed. The converter achieves a peak efficiency of 94.74%, highlighting its excellent operational performance. Comparative analysis with existing converter topologies further confirms the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of voltage gain, efficiency, and overall performance.
Keywords
Modified Cuk converter, High-gain DC–DC converter, Switched-capacitor technique, Switched-inductor network, Electric Eel foraging optimization (EEFO), Renewable energy systems.
Cite this article
Raj C, R BR, E R, X FJ. High-gain modified Cuk converter with switched-capacitor and active switched-inductor networks optimized using EEFO. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2026;13(139):1014-1034. DOI : 10.19101/IJATEE.2025.121220933
References
[1]
Mohammed MR, Al-sumaiti AS, Beig AR. Hybrid active switched inductor dc-dc converter with common ground and suppressed voltage oscillation for fuel cell vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification. 2024; 11(1):3204-14.
[2]
Mazumdar D, Biswas PK, Sain C, Ahmad F, Al-fagih L. An enhanced MPPT approach based on CUSA for grid‐integrated hybrid electric vehicle charging station. International Journal of Energy Research. 2024; 2024(1):1-14.
[3]
Kumar V, Kuraganti M, Chinthamalla R. A switched-inductor-capacitor network-based quadratic high-gain DC-DC converter. IEEE Latin America Transactions. 2026; 24(5):494-505.
[4]
Abolhassani P, Maalandish M, Nadermohammadi A, Sharifian MB, Feyzi MR, Hosseini SH. A high step‐up high step‐down coupled inductor based bidirectional DC–DC converter with low voltage stress on switches. IET Power Electronics. 2024; 17(7):802-23.
[5]
Nadermohammadi A, Maalandish M, Seifi A, Abolhassani P, Hosseini SH, Farsadi M. A non‐isolated single‐switch ultra‐high step‐up DC–DC converter with coupled inductor and low‐voltage stress on switch. IET Power Electronics. 2024; 17(2):251-65.
[6]
Nagabushanam KM, Mahto T, Tewari SV, Udumula RR, Alotaibi MA, Malik H, et al. Development of high-gain switched-capacitor based bi-directional converter for electric vehicle applications. Journal of Energy Storage. 2024; 82:110602.
[7]
Wang F, Zou G, Ding H, Xu C. High voltage gain three-level DC–DC converter with switched-capacitor technique for DC wind farms. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2024; 71(10):12267-78.
[8]
Sharma P, Hasanpour S, Kumar R. A new soft‐switching high step‐up DC–DC converter with low voltage stress. Energy Science & Engineering. 2024; 12(7):3062-73.
[9]
Imanlou A, Behkam R, Nadermohammadi A, Nafisi H, Heydari-doostabad H, Gharehpetian GB. A new high voltage gain transformer-less step-up DC–DC converter with double duty-cycles: design and analysis. IEEE Access. 2024; 12:103388-404.
[10]
Hasanpour S, Lee SS. A new step‐up DC/DC converter with low voltage and current stresses. IET Power Electronics. 2025; 18(1):1-15.
[11]
Mishra D, Nayak PC, Prusty RC, Panda S. An improved equilibrium optimization-based fuzzy tilted double integral derivative with filter (F-TIDF-2) controller for frequency regulation of an off-grid microgrid. Electrical Engineering. 2024; 106(2):2033-55.
[12]
Nanyan NF, Ahmad MA, Hekimoğlu B. Optimal PID controller for the DC-DC buck converter using the improved sine cosine algorithm. Results in Control and Optimization. 2024; 14:1-19.
[13]
Xie J. Application of optimized photovoltaic grid-connected control system based on modular multilevel converters. Energy Informatics. 2024; 7(1):1-22.
[14]
Patel MB, Nakka J, Bonthagorla PK. Dual-input high-gain expandable switched-capacitor-inductor cell DC–DC boost converter. IEEE Access. 2026; 14:3959-76.
[15]
Naresh K, Suresh D, Pattnaik S. Enhanced urban e-mobility using a high-gain converter fed sensor less BLDC drive. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2026:1-16.
[16]
Ali M, Zeb O, Iqbal T, Ahmad I, Qadir S. Integrated control of parallel connected multiple SEPIC converters in DC microgrid operation. IEEE Access. 2026; 14:55051-74.
[17]
Sahu RK, Sekhar GC, Priyadarshani S. Differential evolution algorithm tuned tilt integral derivative controller with filter controller for automatic generation control. Evolutionary Intelligence. 2021; 14(1):5-20.
[18]
El‐dabah MA, Kamel S, Abido MA, Khan B. Optimal tuning of fractional‐order proportional, integral, derivative and tilt‐integral‐derivative based power system stabilizers using runge kutta optimizer. Engineering Reports. 2022; 4(6):1-12.
[19]
Subhadarsini A, Panda B, Nayak B. Maiden application and control parameter sensitivity analysis of fractional order tilt integral derivative controller in standalone solar photovoltaic system. Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment. 2022; 9(4):85-100.
[20]
Rami RS, Sarangi SK. Chimp optimized fractional-order tilt integral derivative controller (NFO-TIDC) assisted battery for EV charging. Electric Power Components and Systems. 2023; 51(17):1933-47.
[21]
Andleeb M, Khan KL, Hussain S, Iqbal SJ. Non-linear modeling and control of DC-DC buck and boost converters for EV application. In 1st international conference on sustainable technology for power and energy systems (STPES) 2022 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[22]
Sorouri H, Oshnoei S, Oshnoei A, Teodorescu R, Blaabjerg F. An intelligent hybrid fractional order controller for DC–DC buck converters feeding constant power loads. In 25th European conference on power electronics and applications 2023 (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
[23]
Yavari M, Salemnia A, Javadi H. A new step‐up DC‐DC converter with high gain for photovoltaic applications. International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications. 2023; 51(2):702-27.
[24]
Goud BS, Krishna D, Bindu EH, Kalyan CN, Bajaj M, Choudhury S, et al. Power quality improvement using TID based DVR controller. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web. 2023; 10:1-7.
[25]
Baladhandapani R, Arul PM. High-gain interleaved SEPIC-Cuk converter with modified SBO-SVM MPPT for PMSM-based electric vehicle applications. Electrical Engineering. 2025; 107(9):11755-71.
[26]
Selvaraj A, Thottungal R. A novel power quality-improved high-step-up-gain luo converter-powered BLDC motor drive with model reference adaptive controller for electric vehicles. Electrical Engineering. 2025; 107(4):4801-17.
[27]
Amin IK, Islam MN, Jaman A. Cuk converter based wireless power transfer system for low power device using grey wolf optimization. Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering. 2025; 10(2):391-406.
[28]
Somasundaram A, Ravi A, Pudi VN, Sivasubramanian M. Optimized power management system for BLDC driven electric vehicles using high gain interleaved boost-cuk converter with grid integration. Electrical Engineering. 2024; 106(6):6991-7008.
[29]
Kavin KS, Karuvelam PS, Matcha M, Vendoti S. Improved BRBFNN-based MPPT algorithm for coupled inductor KSK converter for sustainable PV system applications. Electrical Engineering. 2025; 107(6):7831-53.
[30]
Margaret AW, Srinivasan P. Hybrid falcon optimization algorithm-PID controller based wind powered improved bridgeless CUK converter for telecom applications. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2025; 50(21):17863-72.
[31]
Özden M, Ertekin D, Siano P. Levenberg-marquardt algorithm-based neural network smart control strategy for a low-input current ripple and high-voltage gain power converter in fuel-cells energy systems. IEEE Access. 2024; 13:3613-31.
[32]
Raj AC, Raj RB. High-gain cuk DC-DC converter with switch-capacitor and switched inductor: a non-isolated design. EVERGREEN Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences & Green Asia Strategy. 2023; 10(4):2339-52.
[33]
Zhao W, Wang L, Zhang Z, Fan H, Zhang J, Mirjalili S, et al. Electric eel foraging optimization: a new bio-inspired optimizer for engineering applications. Expert Systems with Applications. 2024; 238:122200.
[34]
Karaboga D, Basturk B. A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. Journal of Global Optimization. 2007; 39(3):459-71.
[35]
Nadimi-shahraki MH, Taghian S, Mirjalili S. An improved grey wolf optimizer for solving engineering problems. Expert Systems with Applications. 2021; 166:113917.
[36]
Zhao W, Zhang Z, Wang L. Manta ray foraging optimization: an effective bio-inspired optimizer for engineering applications. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 2020; 87:103300.
[37]
Xue J, Shen B. Dung beetle optimizer: a new meta-heuristic algorithm for global optimization. The Journal of Supercomputing. 2023; 79(7):7305-36.