International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration ISSN (Print): 2394-5443    ISSN (Online): 2394-7454 Volume-13 Issue-140 July-2026
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Magnetohydrodynamic natural convection in an inclined porous cylinder saturated with nanofluid

Raed G. Saihood1 and Anmar H. Ali2

Department of Mechanical Engineering,University of Baghdad,Baghdad 10071,Iraq1
Department of Aeronautical Engineering,College of Engineering, University of Baghdad,Baghdad 10071,Iraq2
Corresponding Author : Raed G. Saihood

Recieved : 26-February-2026; Revised : 17-July-2026; Accepted : 18-July-2026

Abstract

The use of nanofluids in combination with magnetic fields has a wide range of applications in many fields, including cooling systems, microelectromechanical systems, medical systems, solar collectors, heat exchangers, and lubrication technologies. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection in an inclined porous cylinder field with nanofluid was simulated numerically in this study. The heat was generated uniformly through the cylinder, and the horizontal walls were thermally insulated while the lateral wall remained at constant cold temperature. Vorticity transport and energy equations were used as the governing equations. A MATLAB code was developed to solve these equations after transforming them into algebraic equations using the finite difference approach. In this article, the range of the governing parameters considered were Rayleigh number 100≤Ra≤10000 and MHD parameter 0≤Mn≤2, inclination angle 0°≤λ≤90°, while the geometry aspect ratio was A=1 and nanoparticle volume fraction of Al2O3 was 2%. The strength of circulation decreased significantly as the MHD parameter rose. Increasing the MHD parameter led to decrease in velocity, stream function, and local and mean Nusselt numbers, while the temperature increased. Whereas Nusselt number decreased by 45.6% when MHD parameter increased from 0 to 2. The inclination angle had a positive effect up to λ = 45º where the Nusselt number enhanced by 26% when inclination angle increased from 0º to 45º at Ra = 10000 in the absence of MHD.  Increasing the Rayleigh number caused a reduction in the temperature and an increase in stream function values and mean Nusselt number, and for a high Rayleigh number, the warm region was adjacent to the upper wall. Nusselt number enhanced with increase in Ra where it increased by 667% when Ra increased from 100 to 10000 at λ = 45º in the absence of MHD.

Keywords

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), Nanofluid, Free convection, Porous cylindrical enclosure, Rayleigh number, Heat transfer.

Cite this article

Saihood RG, Ali AH. Magnetohydrodynamic natural convection in an inclined porous cylinder saturated with nanofluid. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2026;13(140):236-252. DOI : 10.19101/IJATEE.2026.131340215

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