(Publisher of Peer Reviewed Open Access Journals)
Navigation

International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration (IJATEE)

ISSN (Print):2394-5443    ISSN (Online):2394-7454
Volume-9 Issue-95 October-2022
Full-Text PDF
Paper Title : A 32 element circular-shaped corporate feed antenna array for millimeter-wave femtocells
Author Name : Harini V, Sairam M V S and Madhu R
Abstract :

A millimeter-wave circular antenna array using corporate feed for fifth-generation(5G) femtocell applications were designed and analyzed. The evolution of the proposed antenna is from a single to a thirty-two-element patch antenna. This array antenna indicates low return loss at multiple frequency bands like 20GHz, 25GHz, 30GHz, and 35GHz with reflection coefficient values like -23.35dB, -16.87dB, -16.91dB, and -9.54dB when measured using a vector network analyzer, including almost 93% antenna efficiency and obtained maximum gain values like 6.18dBi, 3.10dBi, 3.94dBi, and 2.95dBi when measured in an anechoic chamber. The 8×4 circular array antenna has achieved better accord between simulated and measured results. The proposed antenna attains good circular polarization with 3dB axial ratio values of 0.344dB at 28.23GHz and 2.49dB at 38.63GHz and follows left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) at all the considered resonating frequencies which can be used for manufacturing of 5G femto-base stations.

Keywords : Millimeter-wave, Circular array, Corporate feed, 5G frequencies, Femtocells applications.
Cite this article : Harini V, M V S S, Madhu R. A 32 element circular-shaped corporate feed antenna array for millimeter-wave femtocells . International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2022; 9(95):1465-1479. DOI:10.19101/IJATEE.2021.875122.
References :
[1]Chandrasekhar V, Andrews JG, Gatherer A. Femtocell networks: a survey. IEEE Communications Magazine. 2008; 46(9):59-67.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[2]Muirhead D, Imran MA, Arshad K. A survey of the challenges, opportunities and use of multiple antennas in current and future 5G small cell base stations. IEEE Access. 2016; 4:2952-64.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[3]Bhawan MD, Marg JL. Telecom regulatory authority of India. Resource. 2019.
[Google Scholar]
[4]Amali C, Ramachandran B. Enabling key technologies and emerging research challenges ahead of 5G networks: an extensive survey. JOIV: International Journal on Informatics Visualization. 2018; 2(3):133-46.
[Google Scholar]
[5]Rabbani MS, Ghafouri‐shiraz H. Size improvement of rectangular microstrip patch antenna at MM‐wave and terahertz frequencies. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. 2015; 57(11):2585-9.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[6]Khattak MI, Sohail A, Khan U, Barki Z, Witjaksono G. Elliptical slot circular patch antenna array with dual band behaviour for future 5G mobile communication networks. Progress in Electromagnetics Research C. 2019; 89:133-47.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[7]Sethi WT, Ashraf MA, Ragheb A, Alasaad A, Alshebeili SA. Demonstration of millimeter wave 5G setup employing high-gain Vivaldi array. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. 2018.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[8]Al-saedi H, Abdel-wahab WM, Gigoyan S, Mittra R, Safavi-naeini S. Ka-band antenna with high circular polarization purity and wide AR beamwidth. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2018; 17(9):1697-701.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[9]Lee H, Kim S, Choi J. A 28 GHz 5G phased array antenna with air-hole slots for beam width enhancement. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(20):1-11.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[10]Deng ZL, Gong H, Fan S, Chen CH. Ka-band radiation pattern reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna employing MEMS switches. In applied mechanics and materials 2013 (pp. 1674-9). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[11]Ullah H, Tahir FA, Khan MU. Dual-band planar spiral monopole antenna for 28/38 GHz frequency bands. In international symposium on antennas and propagation & USNC/URSI national radio science meeting 2017 (pp. 761-2). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[12]Parchin NO, Shen M, Pedersen GF. End-fire phased array 5G antenna design using leaf-shaped bow-tie elements for 28/38 GHz MIMO applications. In international conference on ubiquitous wireless broadband 2016 (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[13]Kumar R, Verma PK, Singh M. Design and development of a 1× 12 series fed linear slotted array antenna at 38 GHz. In applied electromagnetics conference 2009 (pp. 1-3). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[14]Croq F, Pozar DM. Millimeter-wave design of wide-band aperture-coupled stacked microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 1991; 39(12):1770-6.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[15]Ojaroudiparchin N, Shen M, Zhang S, Pedersen GF. A switchable 3-D-coverage-phased array antenna package for 5G mobile terminals. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2016; 15:1747-50.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[16]Hong W, Baek KH, Lee Y, Kim Y, Ko ST. Study and prototyping of practically large-scale mmWave antenna systems for 5G cellular devices. IEEE Communications Magazine. 2014; 52(9):63-9.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[17]Ojaroudiparchin N, Shen M, Fr G. Design of Vivaldi antenna array with end-fire beam steering function for 5G mobile terminals. In telecommunications forum TELFOR 2015 (pp. 587-90). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[18]Kim E, Ko ST, Lee YJ, Oh J. Millimeter-wave tiny lens antenna employing U-shaped filter arrays for 5G. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2018; 17(5):845-8.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[19]Stanley M, Huang Y, Wang H, Zhou H, Alieldin A, Joseph S. A novel mm-Wave phased array antenna with 360° coverage for 5G smartphone applications. In 10th UK-Europe-China workshop on millimetre waves and terahertz technologies 2017 (pp. 1-3). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[20]Cao Y, Chin KS, Che W, Yang W, Li ES. A compact 38 GHz multibeam antenna array with multifolded butler matrix for 5G applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2017; 16:2996-9.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[21]Alharbi AG, Rahman HM, Khan MM, Abbasi MI, Albraikan AA, Almalki FA. Design and study of a miniaturized millimeter wave array antenna for wireless body area network. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. 2022.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[22]Federico G, Caratelli D, Theis G, Smolders AB. A review of antenna array technologies for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint wireless communications at millimeter-wave frequencies. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. 2021.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[23]Dilli R. Performance analysis of multi user massive MIMO hybrid beamforming systems at millimeter wave frequency bands. Wireless Networks. 2021; 27(3):1925-39.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[24]Jiang S, Song R, Hu Z, Xin Y, Huang GL, He D. Millimeter wave phased array antenna based on highly conductive graphene-assembled film for 5G applications. Carbon. 2022;196:493-8.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[25]Balanis CA. Antenna theory: analysis and design. John Wiley & Sons; 2015.
[Google Scholar]
[26]Munson RJ. Conformal microstrip antennas and microstrip phased arrays. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 1974; 22(1):74-8.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[27]Rahim MA, Ibrahim IM, Kamaruddin RA, Zakaria Z, Hassim N. Characterization of microstrip patch array antenna at 28 GHz. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering. 2017; 9(2-8):137-41.
[Google Scholar]
[28]Muhammad S, Ya’u I, Abubakar AS, Yaro AS. Design of single feed dual-band millimeter wave antenna for future 5G wireless applications. Science World Journal. 2019; 14(1):84-7.
[Google Scholar]
[29]EL MMB, Hegazy EA. Design and analysis of 28GHz rectangular microstrip patch array antenna. WSEAS Transactions on Communications. 2018.
[Google Scholar]
[30]Faisal SH, Saleem S, Shahid S, Saeed S. 5G linear array for millimeter wave mobile communication in ultra-dense networks (UDNs). In international conference on electrical, communication, and computer engineering 2019 (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[31]Raviteja GV. A 4-element corporate series feed millimeter-wave microstrip antenna array for 5G applications. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering. 2019; 13(11):674-84.
[Google Scholar]
[32]Jian R, Chen Y, Chen T. Compact wideband circularly polarized antenna with symmetric parasitic rectangular patches for Ka-band applications. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. 2019.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[33]Qing X, Chen ZN. A wideband circularly polarized microstrip array antenna at Ka-band. In 2016 10th European conference on antennas and propagation 2016 (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[34]Rao KP, Vani RM, Hunagund PV. Gain enhancement of linear four element microstrip antenna array. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2018; 5(43):151-9.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[35]Palla R, Gopi D. Design of quad band microstrip patch antenna with slits and slots. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2021; 8(82):1234-42.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[36]Saikia B, Majumder S. Analysis of performance vulnerability of MAC scheduling algorithms due to SYN flood attack in 5G NR mmWave. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2021; 8(82):1102-19.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[37]https://www.keysight.com/in/en/assets/9018-02007/service-manuals/9018-02007.pdf. Accessed 18 August 2022.