(Publisher of Peer Reviewed Open Access Journals)

International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration (IJATEE)

ISSN (Print):2394-5443    ISSN (Online):2394-7454
Volume-9 Issue-95 October-2022
Full-Text PDF
Paper Title : Experimental study of the effect of impact energy on open face helmet fabricated using woven bamboo and jute fiber reinforced with epoxy composites
Author Name : Shankara Reddy R, Radhakrishna R Kumshikar and Ravikumar T
Abstract :

Helmets provide safety and protection to human beings and prevent head injuries during accidents. Helmets fabricated by metals/ polymers or ceramic composites are used as shields or guards for a wide variety of applications like motor racing, construction work, manufacturing industries, mining, refinery, public strikes, defense, bike riding, etc. The road transport department has made it mandatory to wear a helmet for all bike riders. Natural fibers like bamboo, sisal, coir, jute, etc. are getting more research interest as reinforcement in polymer composites. These fibers are very attractive due to being light in weight, nontoxic, low cost, abundantly available, low energy inputs, ease of fabrication, and eco-friendly. The current investigation is focused on the fabrication of an open-face helmet by using natural fiber composites. This composite is prepared by selecting a suitable combination of woven bamboo and jute as fibers and epoxy as the matrix. The fabricated helmet is cured for 48 hours and then subjected to drop tests to study the impact energy absorbed. The drop test was carried out and showed that the maximum permissible load is about 147.55kN and the impact energy absorbed is found to be 2144.90 kJ. The hybrid composite of 10% bamboo and 20 % jute along with 70% matrix material yield better impact energy-absorbing properties.

Keywords : Bamboo fiber, Jute fiber, Epoxy, Open-face helmet, Drop weight test.
Cite this article : Reddy SR, Kumshikar RR, Ravikumar T. Experimental study of the effect of impact energy on open face helmet fabricated using woven bamboo and jute fiber reinforced with epoxy composites. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2022; 9(95):1571-1580. DOI:10.19101/IJATEE.2021.875131.
References :
[1]Naresh P, Krishnudu DM, Babu AH, Hussain P. Design and analysis of industrial helmet. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research. 2015; 5(1):81-95.
[Google Scholar]
[2]Sadaq SI, Junaidi AR, Kumar VS, Konnully JG, Qadiri SS. Impact test on motor cycle helmet for different impact angles using FEA. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology. 2014; 12(6):278-81.
[Google Scholar]
[3]Gandhi VS, Kumaravelan R, Ramesh S, Venkatesan M, Ponraj MR. Performance analysis of motor cycle helmet under static and dynamic loading. Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering. 2014; 18(2):85-96.
[Google Scholar]
[4]Bottlang M, Digiacomo G, Tsai S, Madey S. Effect of helmet design on impact performance of industrial safety helmets. Heliyon. 2022; 8(8).
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[5]Abayazid F, Ding K, Zimmerman K, Stigson H, Ghajari M. A new assessment of bicycle helmets: the brain injury mitigation effects of new technologies in oblique impacts. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2021; 49(10):2716-33.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[6]Dhinakaran V, Gokhulabalan B, Kumar AR, Ravichandran M. Advancement in materials for industrial safety helmets. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020; 27:777-82.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[7]Defoirdt N, Biswas S, De VL, Van AJ, Ahsan Q, Gorbatikh L, et al. Assessment of the tensile properties of coir, bamboo and jute fibre. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2010; 41(5):588-95.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[8]Murali B, Chandramohan D, Vali SN, Mohan B. Fabrication of industrial safety helmet by using hybrid composite materials. Journal of Middle East Applied Science and Technology. 2014; 15:584-7.
[Google Scholar]
[9]Nguong CW, Lee SN, Sujan D. A review on natural fibre reinforced polymer composites. International Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering. 2013; 7(1):52-9.
[Google Scholar]
[10]Gopinath A, Kumar MS, Elayaperumal A. Experimental investigations on mechanical properties of jute fiber reinforced composites with polyester and epoxy resin matrices. Procedia Engineering. 2014; 97:2052-63.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[11]Yada P. Synthesis, fabrication and characterization of jute fibre reinforced laminar composites. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology. 2018; 9(1):722-31.
[12]Biswas S, Ahsan Q, Cenna A, Hasan M, Hassan A. Physical and mechanical properties of jute, bamboo and coir natural fiber. Fibers and Polymers. 2013; 14(10):1762-7.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[13]Khan I, Shinde A, Khandelwal S, Sah V, Babu TN. Finite element analysis on different materials for motorcycle helmet shell. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2019; 6(5):4581-6.
[14]Zahid B, Chen X. Development of a helmet test rig for continuously textile reinforced riot helmets. International Journal of Textile Science. 2013; 2(1):12-20.
[Google Scholar]
[15]Sikri S, Shishodia BS, Mahajan P, Sanghi S. Performance comparison of motorcycle helmet shells of different materials. 2014.
[Google Scholar]
[16]Li S, Xiao Z, Zhang Y, Li QM. Impact analysis of a honeycomb-filled motorcycle helmet based on coupled head-helmet modelling. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 2021.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[17]Xiao Z, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yang C. A study on motorcyclist head reponses during impact against front end of vehicle. International Journal of Crashworthiness. 2022; 27(1):147-59.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[18]Yu LC, Min L. Motorcycle helmet safety design research. In international conference on computer-aided industrial design & conceptual design 2010 (pp. 642-6). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[19]https://www.fairportlibrary.org/images/files/RenovationProject/Concept_cost_estimate_accepted_031914.pdf. Accessed 15 July 2022.
[20]Kumar A, Ashok R, Bhoopathi D. Fabrication of helmet shell using bamboo and vakkafiber. IJIRSET. 2019.
[21]Caserta GD, Iannucci L, Galvanetto U. Shock absorption performance of a motorbike helmet with honeycomb reinforced liner. Composite Structures. 2011; 93(11):2748-59.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[22]Nkeuwa WN, Zhang J, Semple KE, Chen M, Xia Y, Dai C. Bamboo-based composites: a review on fundamentals and processes of bamboo bonding. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2022.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[23]Hsu YL, Tai CY, Chen TC. Improving thermal properties of industrial safety helmets. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2000; 26(1):109-17.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[24]Fernandes FA, De SRA. Motorcycle helmets—a state of the art review. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2013; 56:1-21.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[25]Bari E, Sistani A, Taghiyari HR, Morrell JJ, Cappellazzi J. Influence of test method on biodegradation of bamboo-plastic composites by fungi. Maderas. Ciencia y Tecnología. 2017; 19(4):455-62.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[26]Radhakrishna RK, Reddy RS, Bharath KN. Experimental study on mechanical properties of woven hybrid bamboo and jute fibers reinforced epoxy composites. International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management. 2019; 3(7):1-4.
[Google Scholar]
[27]Reddy RS, Kumshikar RR, Ravikumar T. Study on water absorption and swelling behavior of woven bamboo and jute fibre hybrid composites. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology. 2020; 29(4):11414-23.
[Google Scholar]
[28]Ning P, Zong H, Li L, Cheng P, Schwebel DC, Yang Y, et al. Effectiveness of a helmet promotion campaign, China. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2022; 100(5):329-36.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[29]Rao KM, Rao KM. Extraction and tensile properties of natural fibers: vakka, date and bamboo. Composite Structures. 2007; 77(3):288-95.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[30]Chen L, Yu Z, Fei B, Lin C, Fang C, Liu H, et al. Study on performance and structural design of bamboo helmet. Forests. 2022; 13(7):1-12.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[31]Jawaid M, Rangappa SM, Siengchin S. Bamboo fiber composites: processing, properties and applications. Springer Singapore; 2021.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[32]Ouarhim W, Zari N, Bouhfid R. Mechanical performance of natural fibers–based thermosetting composites. In mechanical and physical testing of biocomposites, fibre-reinforced composites and hybrid composites 2019 (pp. 43-60). Woodhead Publishing.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[33]Dhanasekaran S, Balachandran G. Structural behavior of jute fiber composites-a review. SAE Technical Paper. 2008.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[34]Pavan S, Sudhabindu B, Ajay S, Yaswanth GR, Singh K. A basic approach to find elastic constants by rule of mixtures on Jute/E-glass composite sheet. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering. 2019; 8(1):658-61.
[35]Pham HQ, Marks MJ. Epoxy resins. Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 2000.
[Google Scholar]
[36]Yerbolat G, Amangeldi S, Ali MH, Badanova N, Ashirbeok A, Islam G. Composite materials property determination by rule of mixture and monte carlo simulation. In IEEE international conference on advanced manufacturing 2018 (pp. 384-7). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[37]Raji M, Abdellaoui H, Essabir H, Kakou CA, Bouhfid R. Prediction of the cyclic durability of woven-hybrid composites. In Durability and life prediction in biocomposites, fibre-reinforced composites and hybrid composites 2019 (pp. 27-62). Woodhead Publishing.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[38]Bharath B, Kumar GC, Shivanna G, Hussain SS, Chandrashekhar B, Raja BS et al. Fabrication and mechanical characterization of bio-composite helmet. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2018; 5(1):2716-20.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[39]Thomas A, Suresh P, Thilak JA, Subramani N. Impact analysis on composite helmet by using frc and glass fiber by using ANSYS. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2017; 4(3):1629-34.
[Google Scholar]