(Publisher of Peer Reviewed Open Access Journals)

International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration (IJATEE)

ISSN (Print):2394-5443    ISSN (Online):2394-7454
Volume-10 Issue-102 May-2023
Full-Text PDF
Paper Title : Design and analysis of power distribution systems for optimum over-current relay coordination using voltage component of fault current limiters
Author Name : Shanker D. Godwal, Kartik S. Pandya, Akhilesh A. Nimje and Vipul N Rajput
Abstract :

Several challenges are posed by the escalating complexities of modern power systems, including increased fault levels and fault currents. One efficient solution to the fault current issue is the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL), which can prevent further increases in fault current caused by the growth in power generation and consumption. The SFCL has a faster response time and can minimize fault current using its quench features. However, relay operation is adversely affected due to delayed tripping time, leading to mis-coordination among primary and backup relays. To address this issue, the voltage component available across the fault current limiters (FCL), which offers a large reactance, is utilized as an input parameter to modify relay characteristics. This helps to reduce tripping time and avoid mis-coordination. Relay characteristics using voltage components derived from SFCL are implemented to tackle this problem. The operational characteristic of the overcurrent relay is changed using this voltage component. In this paper, a new objective function, based on reported relay characteristics, was proposed. A prototype of the ring mains distribution system was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the reported characteristics and proposed objective function. Furthermore, the reported characteristic and proposed objective function were examined on a 9-bus distribution system. It was found that the application of voltage components in the relay characteristic and proposed objective function was fruitful and did not delay the relay tripping time also there is no miscoordination found in case of reported characteristic and proposed objective functions. To achieve optimum setting of overcurrent relay parameters, a genetic algorithm(GA) was used.

Keywords : Fault current, Fault current limiter (FCL), Over-current relay (OCR), Voltage component, Protection devices, Power distribution system.
Cite this article : Godwal SD, Pandya KS, Nimje AA, Rajput VN. Design and analysis of power distribution systems for optimum over-current relay coordination using voltage component of fault current limiters. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2023; 10(102):624-640. DOI:10.19101/IJATEE.2022.10100452.
References :
[1]Lim SH, Lim ST. Analysis on coordination of over-current relay using voltage component in a power distribution system with a SFCL. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2019; 29(5):1-5.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[2]Li B, Li C, Guo F, Xin Y, Wang C, Pang X. Coordination of superconductive fault current limiters with zero-sequence current protection of transmission lines. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2014; 24(5):1-5.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[3]Alasali F, Saidi AS, El-Naily N, Smadi MA, Holderbaum W. Hybrid tripping characteristic-based protection coordination scheme for photovoltaic power systems. Sustainability. 2023; 15(2):1-20.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[4]Jiang Y, Dongyuan S, Xianzhong D, Yuejin T, Shijie C. Comparison of superconducting fault current limiter in power system. In power engineering society summer meeting. Conference proceedings (Cat. No. 01CH37262) 2001 (pp. 43-7). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[5]Tan JC, McLaren PG, Jayasinghe RP, Wilson PL. Software model for inverse time overcurrent relays incorporating IEC and IEEE standard curves. In IEEE CCECE2002. Canadian conference on electrical and computer engineering. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No. 02CH37373) 2002 (pp. 37-41). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[6]Okakwu IK, Orukpe PE, Ogujor EA. Application of superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) in power systems: a review. European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research. 2018; 3(7):28-32.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[7]Godwal SD, Pandya KS, Rajput VN, Vora SC. A review on approaches employed for solving directional overcurrent relays’ coordination problem. Advances in Electric Power and Energy Infrastructure: Proceedings of ICPCCI 2019. 2020: 35-51.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[8]Godwal SD, Pandya KS, Rajput VN, Vora SC, Mehta CR. An approach to improve mathematical formulation of directional overcurrent relays coordination for interconnected power systems. International Journal of Ambient Energy. 2022; 43(1):7899-909.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[9]Godwal S, Kanojia SS, Nimje AA. Optimum over current relays coordination for radial distribution networks using soft computing techniques. In soft computing and optimization: SCOTA 2021 (pp. 13-24). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[10]Kalage AA, Ghawghawe ND. Optimum coordination of directional overcurrent relays using modified adaptive teaching learning based optimization algorithm. Intelligent Industrial Systems. 2016; 2:55-71.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[11]Othman AM, Abdelaziz AY. Enhanced backtracking search algorithm for optimal coordination of directional over-current relays including distributed generation. Electric Power Components and Systems. 2016; 44(3):278-90.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[12]Bedekar PP, Bhide SR. Optimum coordination of directional overcurrent relays using the hybrid GA-NLP approach. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2010; 26(1):109-19.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[13]Keil T, Jager J. Advanced coordination method for overcurrent protection relays using nonstandard tripping characteristics. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2007; 23(1):52-7.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[14]Dhara S, Sadhu PK, Shrivastav AK. Analysis of over current relay and hybrid filter including the utilization of SFCL in a distribution network with DG. AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering. 2022; 6(1):81-107.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[15]Korashy A, Kamel S, Youssef AR, Jurado F. Modified water cycle algorithm for optimal direction overcurrent relays coordination. Applied Soft Computing. 2019; 74:10-25.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[16]Srivastava A, Tripathi JM, Mohanty SR, Panda B. Optimal over-current relay coordination with distributed generation using hybrid particle swarm optimization–gravitational search algorithm. Electric Power Components and Systems. 2016; 44(5):506-17.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[17]Khurshaid T, Wadood A, Farkoush SG, Kim CH, Cho N, Rhee SB. Modified particle swarm optimizer as optimization of time dial settings for coordination of directional overcurrent relay. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology. 2019; 14:55-68.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[18]Azari M, Mazlumi K, Ojaghi M. Optimal directional overcurrent relay coordination in interconnected networks considering user-defined PWL characteristic curve. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2022; 47(3):3119-39.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[19]El-Fergany AA, Hasanien HM. Water cycle algorithm for optimal overcurrent relays coordination in electric power systems. Soft Computing. 2019; 23(23):12761-78.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[20]Jager J, Keil T, Shang L, Krebs R. New protection co-ordination methods in the presence of distributed generation. Eighth IEE International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection. 2004 (pp.319-22).
[Google Scholar]
[21]So CW, Li KK. Overcurrent relay coordination by evolutionary programming. Electric Power Systems Research. 2000; 53(2):83-90.
[Google Scholar]
[22]Chowdhury A, Koval D. Power distribution system reliability: practical methods and applications. John Wiley & Sons; 2011.
[Google Scholar]
[23]Hussain B, Sharkh SM, Hussain S. Impact studies of distributed generation on power quality and protection setup of an existing distribution network. In SPEEDAM 2010 (pp. 1243-6). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[24]Morren J, De Haan SW. Impact of distributed generation units with power electronic converters on distribution network protection. IET 9th International Conference on Developments in Power Systems Protection. 2008(pp. 663-8).
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[25]Baran ME, El-Markaby I. Fault analysis on distribution feeders with distributed generators. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2005; 20(4):1757-64.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[26]Maki K, Repo S, Jarventausta P. Methods for assessing the protection impacts of distributed generation in network planning activities. In 9th international conference on developments in power system protection (DPSP 2008) 2008 (pp. 484-9). IET.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[27]Kauhaniemi K, Kumpulainen L. Impact of distributed generation on the protection of distribution networks. Eighth IEE international conference on developments in power system protection. 2004(pp. 315-8).
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[28]Jamasb T, Nuttall WJ, Pollitt MG, editors. Future electricity technologies and systems. Cambridge University Press; 2006.
[Google Scholar]
[29]El-Khattam W, Sidhu TS. Restoration of directional overcurrent relay coordination in distributed generation systems utilizing fault current limiter. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2008; 23(2):576-85.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[30]Girgis A, Brahma S. Effect of distributed generation on protective device coordination in distribution system. In LESCOPE 01. 2001 large engineering systems conference on power engineering. Conference proceedings. theme: powering beyond 2001 (Cat. No. 01ex490) 2001 (pp. 115-9). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[31]Al-Nasseri H, Redfern MA, Li F. A voltage based protection for micro-grids containing power electronic converters. In 2006 IEEE power engineering society general meeting 2006 (pp. 7-pp). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[32]Miveh MR, Gandomkar M, Mirsaeidi S, Nuri M. Analysis of single line to ground fault based on Zero sequence current in Microgrids. In ISCEE conference, Kermanshah, Iran 2011.
[Google Scholar]
[33]Hung DQ, Mithulananthan N. Multiple distributed generator placement in primary distribution networks for loss reduction. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2011; 60(4):1700-8.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[34]IEEE standards association. 242-2001. IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (ANSI). ANSI/IEEE Std 242-1986:1-592.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[35]Mansour MM, Mekhamer SF, El-Kharbawe N. A modified particle swarm optimizer for the coordination of directional overcurrent relays. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2007; 22(3):1400-10.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[36]Najy WK, Zeineldin HH, Woon WL. Optimal protection coordination for microgrids with grid-connected and islanded capability. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2012; 60(4):1668-77.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[37]Hwang JS, Khan UA, Shin WJ, Seong JK, Lee JG, Kim YH, et al. Validity analysis on the positioning of superconducting fault current limiter in neighboring AC and DC microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2012; 23(3):5600204.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[38]Cho SM, Shin HS, Kim JC. Impact of distribution system quality on DG interconnection protection. In IEEE PES general meeting 2010 (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[39]Yamaguchi H, Kataoka T, Yaguchi K, Fujita S, Yoshikawa K, Kaiho K. Characteristics analysis of transformer type superconducting fault current limiter. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2004; 14(2):815-8.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[40]Jiang L, Li W, Fu B, Bai L. A muti-layer fault component identification method based on muti-source information fusion in distribution power grid. In 2022 7th Asia conference on power and electrical engineering (ACPEE) 2022 (pp. 1679-83). IEEE.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]